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Sugar Company Turns Beets To Energy

MOORHEAD, MN (AP) - In a bid to make better use of several thousand tons of sugar beet waste product each year, American Crystal Sugar Co. this year will test a technology originally developed to help astronauts on Mars generate energy from plant waste.

Each year, Crystal Sugar must pay millions of dollars to properly dispose of tailings, the parts removed from the sugar beets before they are refined into sugar. At the East Grand Forks site - just one of Crystal’s six factories in the Red River Valley - about 400 tons of tailings are generated each day during the sugar beet campaign, which Crystal must haul to and spread over area farmland. If the technology works, Crystal instead will be able to turn those tailings into methane gas, a burnable fuel.

Dave Malmskog, director of economic analysis and business development at American Crystal Sugar headquarters in Moorhead likes the win-win possibilities.

“ We could actually save money by not having to land-apply it and then take the energy from the process, in addition,” he said.

A seven-story pilot plant in Moorhead is near completion and will be ready for testing later this year.

The University of Florida is responsible for developing the technology for NASA, which was in search of high-efficiency models for waste management and energy creation, ostensibly for use on a future manned mission to Mars. Tabletop research proved the theory, but with ingredients measured in teaspoons, not tons. Researchers needed to develop a larger-scale test, so four years ago, they contacted Crystal to see if the company would be interested in pursuing the technology.

“ They thought this might have commercial applications here on ground,” Malmskog says. “They heard about the Xcel (Energy) Renewable Energy Development Fund, and then came to Crystal Sugar and said, ‘If we applied for one of these grants, would you want to work with us on the project?’ We thought this was potentially a very good fit for our tailings.”

The grant provides $1 million for developmental projects, allowing an added potential for a $2 million grant if it can be proven to be commercially viable.

The process uses microorganisms inside a series of containers loaded with tailings to gobble up the organic matter and produce methane gas in return. By controlling the temperature, moisture and pH levels in the bins, the University of Florida process markedly reduces traditional timeframes.

“ It takes a certain length of time to digest this material,” says Terry McGillivray, manager of technical services at Crystal. “They’ve gone from 30 days down to, I think, five to seven days to do the digestion.”

The original pilot plant could fit on a standard kitchen table. The multistory Crystal project, designed to process 10 tons of tailings per week, represents a stepping stone on the way to full commercial-scale processing.

As with all new technology, there has been a learning curve.

Even the simplest of things can become a challenge. For example, how to get the tailings lifted up into the 25-foot-tall containers on the fifth floor of the site.

“ There, with 1 ton versus 25 tons versus 400 tons of tailings - the engineering can be completely different and can cause quite a problem,” he says. “There are probably 100 things like that you need to figure out if you want to go up to the next size.”

There have been issues related to getting the bacteria-charged liquids to percolate down through the tailings, as well as preventing the flammable methane gas from exploding.

“ In a little vessel, you don’t really worry about the gas collection,” McGillivray says. “When methane gas gets to 15 percent in the atmosphere, it’s explosive, but that’s not an issue in the lab. If someone opens the door, you’ve got plenty of ventilation and you’re probably good for the day. But over here, we’ve had to go through and put some ventilation equipment just to ensure that we don’t have any explosion hazards.”

The goal of this plant is to prove the technology can be viable on a much larger scale. Testing will begin in the fall and continue into spring 2009 with different types of weather conditions and tailing feedstock.

There is some talk of using it in a co-generation unit to make electricity.

“ We are a huge energy consumer, so that 125 billion BTUs could easily be used up in any one of these applications,” Malmskog says. “Ideally where I would like to see this go is if we could find a way to clean it up and inject it into the natural gas pipeline.”

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